Praxeology review: Comparing Singaporean and Indonesian textbooks in introducing the concept of sets

Singapore has successfully implemented mathematics textbooks as a widely referenced part of the curriculum. Nevertheless, not all countries can fit into offered concept. There are gaps and other interesting factors to investigate, especially regarding comparison with Indonesia. This study aimed compare concepts Singaporean Indonesian on more specific topic, namely concept mathematical sets. The comparative was conducted two official handbooks countries, which were reviewed in praxeology (T, τ, θ, Θ). research data limited topic sets books, ignoring material depth study. Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenology approach chosen an alternative method, this is at prospective stage entire series versions didactical design research. showed uniqueness, characterizing textbooks’ quality from each perspective. similarity specialization indicated by type task definition (T1) form praxis block. striking differences complexity influencing perceptual, memorial, introspective, priori.<i> </i>The characteristics presentation considered students’ culture character country, making these worthy reference. Although studying math topics quite tricky, praxeological both provided new perspective how played essential role acceptable students.